When should hand sanitizer be used over soap and water?

Hand sanitizer should be used over soap and water when soap and water are not available. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers can effectively reduce the number of germs on hands in many situations, especially when a quick disinfection is needed and access to soap and water is limited. It's important to use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol to ensure its efficacy against pathogens.

Using hand sanitizer in other scenarios, such as when hands are visibly soiled, is not recommended because it will not effectively remove dirt, debris, or certain types of germs. It is also not advisable to rely solely on hand sanitizer during food preparation or when caring for elderly patients if soap and water is accessible, as proper handwashing is the preferred method for hygiene in those circumstances.